Antelope Canyon

Antelope Canyon.

I had seen many pictures of this slot canyon and wanted to visit some day. In 2020, Mr.N and I were on a road trip in the area, but Antelope Canyon was closed. Well, how the canyon, the natural creature, was closed? Because this is in the Navajo reservation. You must go there with a Navajo guide and need to pay fee (it is not cheap: $82/adult). Due to COVID, they closed it in 2020. In 2021 they resumed the tours. 

To attend a tour you need to book a tour, which is usually sold out way long in advance, especially in the vacation season. There are multiple companies conducting tours. Usually people go to a company place in Page, Arizona. There tour people get into company's van with a guide and drive to the canyon entrance, because last couple of miles are closed to public and it is sandy road which requires 4X4 high clearance vehicle.  

Our tour was 1 guide and 7 people (2 of us, a couple from Hong Kong, and 3 female group from Phoenix). Because of COVID, mask was required all the time (both in the van and even outside in the canyon). The van goes to right in front of the canyon. There already around 5 vans were parked. 

Our guide, Rich started a tour by making sure putting masks all the time. He said that he would do a photograph tour. He showed us where the good spots were to take pictures. The spots he showed gave me new insights how to look at canyon in many different ways I had never really thought about. For example, the picture below. This spot he told us to look straight up. It looked like a something circular. Rich always said this spot looks like a dragon, or an elephant, and so on (I don't remember most of them, though). This spot I remember he said something as well, but to me, it looks like inside a bowel/gut (as a scientist). Anyhow, whatever it looks like, it was very pretty place. With lightning and its waving canyon structure, it looks amazing as well as eerie. This peculiar canyon shape is beautiful and attractive. Because lightning is different every moment, and every day, the scenery must be always different. By looking at canyon straight up, from side to side, in diagonal from right or left by sitting down, I found it very interesting to see canyon in new ways. 

I knew all canyon structures were made by force of water flow, but I was amazed again how immense water power is. Water curves rocks? Can't imagine easily but reality it does.

Looking up

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

More picture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At the same time, I wished I had more time to see canyon with my way in a quiet mode. Since the canyon is only 0.5 mile and the entire time was all pictures, it was not possible to have admiring time of this sacred creature. Mr.N also said that he wished he have had more time to see canyon without through phone. I guess that a lot of people want to have Instagram-popular photos, and the Navajo guides know the needs. Rich was a funny and nice person, I totally understand he needed to do the tour that way. And for Navajo this must be a huge revenue to survive, so they adjust tours based on customers' needs.

For sure this is a great place to visit, and I don't regret that I went there, but I think one time visit is good for me. However, I emphasize again this is a wonderful place.

Boston Harbor Walk-Deer Island

I wrote about a walk in Salem, Mass. 

Now, in Boston. Even closer to my place. 

Continuous attempt to walk and explore in the relatively close places. We often go to New Hampshire or Western Mass, but those are mostly forest and I wanted to do some different types of walk. 

This time we tried Deer Island in Boston Harbor. It is called Deer Island park, but actually it is a part of the peninsula, so it is connected to the mainland. It was only 25 minute drive from our place. Since we were there early morning, parking was not an issue, and it is free. 

This park has a nice trail (paved) for 3 miles. It is all along the Boston Harbor. Inside the loop of the 3 mile is a water waste treatment plant. It is a huge plant with interesting objects like immense egg-shaped tanks. It reminded me of my 3rd-grade trip to waste water treatment plant in Japan as a part of learning trip. In Japan, once a year from 2nd grade to 6th grade there is learning trip. In addition to waste water treatment facility, I remember the trips to fisherman's plant near the harbor of Pacific Ocean, a facility of TOYOTA. Toyota facility was especially interesting and everyone got miniature TOYOTA car as a souvenir! You can learn their way of production in the book "TOYOTA way".

From the trail, you see Boston skyscrapers and Boston airport. I love nature, but as I spent significant times in big cities (Osaka/Nagoya/Tokyo), I like to see skyscrapers as well.

Boston

Another interesting activity about this walk is to see airplanes. The Deer Island is across the Boston International Airport. The airport is other side of peninsula. I love to see airplane taking off and landing. As a very busy airport, you see every few minutes airplane landing and taking off. When planes are landing they fly down over the see and land on the run-way in Boston. Seeing that reminded me of San Francisco airport. San Francisco is the same way, when they land, planes come over the sea. There are good trails in South San Francisco and Foster city to see those landing. It is very similar to this Deer Island walk. 

Somehow I love to see planes landing and taking off. Back in Japan, I would see planes at Haneda airport. This is again by the Tokyo bay of Pacific Ocean. Planes and oceans are really exciting combination to see. 

Plane landing

If it had not been cold and windy at Deer Island, I would have been there watching airplanes longer. 

Nice walk!

Salem Woods and Salem Downtown

One Sunday we explored the Salem area.

I guess many Americans know a town of Salem related to witch trials. There are some museums for the witch trials including National Park Service one's. It is only 30 minute drive from Boston area, so we decided to check the area out. 

When I look up a trail in the area I found Salem Woods Highland Park. We like hiking, so we started the exploring Salem to walk on the trail there. 

At the trailhead there was a trail map sign. Then a paper was put up: Tortie cat is missing. She escaped from a cat cage in the parking lot of vet. I guess she was angry after vet visit and ran away or she was scared of going there and ran away. Next to that notice, there was another paper put up about coyote. It is a warning of cyote.

Hmm, an escaped cat and coyote? An idea came to my mind: a coyote caught the cat? 

Anyway we had a nice small brisk walk. Nobody was there and it was quiet and peaceful. First half was in the woods as the park's name indicates. Then at the half way there was big marsh area. The word "marsh" always reminds me of marsh area in Palo Alto, CA, because that is the first time I learned the word, and I hiked, biked, and ran there many times. It is not a great idea to hike IN marsh, but nice to hike around marsh area. 

Forest

Marsh area

Then we went to the Salem downtown area. I know a lot of normal (non-hiker) people visit Salem for weekend fun. I saw many people walking on the main street. There are many restaurants, coffee places, book stores, souvenir shops. In addition to those, there are some attraction spots, including witch house and witch museum. To be honest, I was a little disappointed to see even National Park Service visitor center had witch cartoon's T-shirts, mugs, key chains, etc. Now Salem looks a quite touristic place to me, rather than historic landmark.

Witch House

Salem Witch Musum

I think that it is important to remember, learn about witch trials. How human fear gets crazy and spread in a wrong way (hysteria). Also it is a good example to think what the right judging system is. Based on this dark, tragic, but important history, I felt bit weird by seeing a lot of "cute"or "scary" witch cartoons. 

Despite of that, cappuccino I got in Salem was great. 

Welsh-Dickey Loop: Great Fall Color Hike in New England

Once I read in a book, somebody wrote, "See fall colors in New England" as one of his bucket list. 

I had no idea.

I lived in California at that time and I didn't know what New England meant, since I am not American and I didn't know much about US history. 

Now I know, since I live in the Boston area for 4 years now. Based on 4 year's of hiking in New England, I found that Welsh-Dickey Loop is my favorite spot to see fall colors in New England. 

This loop starts in New Hampshire (Orris Road Waterville Valley, NH03215), 4.5 miles with +/-1800 feet elevation. Parking fee is $5, but if you have National Park Pass, that can cover it. As the loop name indicates, you will hike up to Welsh mountain, then Dickey mountain. I recommend hiking counter clockwise. Even the signage indicates hiking counter clockwise. That way you climb up rocky steep one and you can go down gradually on an easier terrain. 

In 2020 fall, I looked up online which trail has a great fall colors in New England. One of them was this loop. I tried in fall and found great. Usually I don't go hiking in the same place again, but this one, for the first time, made me think want to go back again. Ms.L happened to visit us at the peak of fall colors this year, so we decided to take her there. 

Only down side of this loop is due to many people, you don't get quiet solitude there. I wish this loop was much longer like 10 miles: then it drastically reduces number of people. If you like absolute solitude, this is not the one for you. I love peaceful hike, but for this I compromise it for fall colors.  At the same time, I think this moderate difficulty hikes give more people opportunities to see foliage.

2020

2021

These are representative pictures of this hike in 2020 and 2021.

From the top of the mountain looking down colorful tree is great. It is like a painting. It is pretty as a whole, and interesting to see each dot (tree in fact) has a different color including orange, yellow, red, and so on.

2021

Both 2020 and 2021 we hiked this loop in the mid-October. It is quite difficult to predict when would be a peak of fall color, though. There are many websites reporting the fall color situation real time. A lot of people use it for driving in New England. However, for us, we don't need it, because we hike every weekend. We know better than website. Fall colors start in north in Maine, then northern New Hampshire, then southern, then Mass. So we go hiking along with fall color moving. Finally when fall colors are gone in the mountain, I see foliage on my commute walk here in Boston.

Gears for Cold Camping

Let's talk about gears for cold camping! 

Mountains are cold, because it is high in altitude. So, sleeping at night in the mountains are cold. I am very sensitive to cold, so I need warm gears for cold camping. 

sleeping bag

First important thing is a sleeping bag. I used my previous sleeping bag for 7 years and it worn out. My old sleeping bag's rating was 15F. Sleeping bag rating means how many temperature you can survive. So, if your sleeping bag rating is 15F, you can survive in the sleeping bag when it is 15F outside, but you are NOT comfortable at 15F. This is an important point to know. Every year I felt colder with my old sleeping bag, thus I was feeling a strong need of lower temperature rating sleeping bag. In 2020 fall, after some research, I bought one from Mountain Hardwear, Bishop Pass 0 (women's). Rating is 0F (-18C). I bought it at REI, my favorite outdoor store, with annual 20% off coupon. It was $231.99. I think this is a good deal. It's 992 g (2 lbs. 3 oz). There are regular size and long size: of course mine is regular size. I wish short size was available for people us short: then it is lighter. With this I went camping and backpacking in Utah, Arizona, and Texas in December 2020. Well what did I think? It was so warm!!!

After years of worn-out sleeping bag, this 0F rated sleeping bag blew my mind. Just warm! Recommended for cold-sensitive people. 

foot warmer

Another great item is down foot warmers. It is well known that heat from body escapes from head and feet. These are from Mont-bell. $69. Down is 650 fill power. This is a game changer! Before I had these, I usually kept cold for a while in the sleeping bag, because my feet were cold. With these foot warmers, it is a minute to get warm. When feet are warm, all bodies get warm! It's only 142 g (5.0 oz)! These come with a sack and get really compact. I love Montbell so much! They have many cool items that any other brands sell. I like my foot warmers' color, too. The color code by Montbell is persimmon. I like the fruits persimmon (bonus story: I was surprised that a lot of Americans don't like persimmon. Persimmon is very popular fruit in Japan, and to me it is delicious).

Another warm item from Mont-bell I love is light down pants. People tend to focus on layers at top, but layers at bottom makes a big change as well. Downpants from Montbell (women, S size) is only 186 g (6.6 oz) and 800 fill power down! I assure you these down pants are very warm. Pants cam be very compacts in a sack: no consuming the space in a backpack.

2 sleeping pads

Of course sleeping pad is essential, because the cold comes from ground. Think about your half of body surface is on the ground when you are sleeping outside. It is important how much your body is separated from ground in terms of cold transmission. For that purpose, sleeping pad plays a role. I have a non-inflatable sleeping pad. The yellow one many people have (see left picture). This is good for backpacking, because it is super light. Additionally, it is good have but not required is an extra sleeping pad. For sure I use additional sleeping pad for cold car camping, but I also recommend to bring for cold backpacking, although it adds more weight. I use Big Agnes's Two Track model. $35. Weight is 793 g(1 lb. 12 oz). Inflatable. It looks big in the picture, but without air and roll and put into a sack, it gets quite small. This makes you feel much warmer and comfy at night.

Without question, it is important to have base layers (top and bottom), and multiple layers at top as well, with warm hat :)

Backpacking in Denali National Park, Alaska#4, Unit8 and Unit31

Backpacking #4. Our last backpacking in Denali. 
As I wrote before, currently Denali National Park is closed more than half due to landslide. These units are the edge of open area. This closure is a little tricky term in this case. In fact, you can go to the units beyond the road closure point by foot. The closure is due to sink of park's only road. Therefore if you hike beyond that point by avoiding road, you can go anywhere. We went to Unit8 and Unit31 These units are just beyond the closure point. So we took off bus the closure point and started backpacking. 8 and 31 sounds far apart numbers, but Unit8 and and Unit31 are next each other across the road.

<Day1>

East Fork River

The hike started walking on the river bar of East Fork river. Pretty scenery from the very beginning...Polychrome glaciers were seen from the river walk. Massive glaciers.

East Fork river consists of many small streams, meaning we had to cross a lot. Luckily it was not deep, mostly under knee level. 

home for 2 nights

 

 

We actually saw landslide area over the cliff of river. This landslide caused the closure of half the Danali National park. First day we walked around 3 hours and pitched a tent.

 

 

<Day2>

The bull

Day2 morning was really really interesting and so much exciting. As a wilderness practice, backpackers need to eat/cook at least 100 meters away from a tent. While we were eating breakfast, two moose show up at the top of hill. One female and a male. Males have antlers and females don't. You can see the female in the left and a bull on the right at the hill in above picture. For a while they stood on the hill, but later the female went down the hill and ate some tundra at the bottom of the hill. The bull monitors her from the top of hill. The picture is the bull looking at the female eating plants. 

 

Cow

She ate for sometime, maybe 5-10 minutes, and started jogging toward opposite direction of the bull. We were a bit concerned because she jog to our tent area. She actually passed by really close to our tent. Once she started moving, the bull came down the hill and slashed his antlers, meaning shaked his antlers in the bushes. In the rutting season, males do this to impress females. After a big slash, he started running to follow the female. While he was running, he said, "bu, bu, bu" He came down between our tent and our breakfast place. Once he came down we realized how huge he was. Actually it was quite close, we stepped away about 10 meters. I had never seen moose so close! He is immense and muscular. The nosie he made was also large. Wow.

Bull moose

It was truly a rare incident to observe, especially considering this kind of behavior only happens in the mating season. Also it was very lucky that we had an opportunity to see the entire process for 30 minutes! 

The day was started with this amazing moose, then we headed for a day hike. We decided to walk on the ridge behind our tent spot.

Climbing

 

Denali view

This is one of my favorites picture of the trip. There are a series of Polychrome glaciers in the distance. On a previous day we walked from the left in picture between the dark shaded hill and the range of glacier peaks. Our tent is near the pond in the picture. Then we climbed to the ridge. You can see Mr.N in the picture. I usually don't include humans in my nature pictures, but in this way you can tell how vast Alaska is by using a human as a reference. It was on a warm clear day and we were able to see Denali. Denali is massive even far from it. The permanent white is very attractive and beautiful. It is charismatic, welcoming and unforgiving at the same time. Walking on the ridge in the Polychrome mountain area was extremely pleasant. One side was a Denali scene, and the other side is a totally different view.

Wyoming Hills

The left picture is looking at the Wyoming hills. I don't know why it is called Wyoming, but it is pretty. In contrast to massive glaciers, it looked like a dry grey/brown hills. It is interesting to see such a different scenery from the same spot. Luckily it was not windy even on a ridge where it is usually super windy. Another view from the same ridge is Polychrome mountains (the entire area is all called Polychrome mountains as a whole) as below picture. There is a group of dall sheep in the below picture. Can you find them? They are soaking up the sun on a nice day on the ridge. This is a difficult quiz! 

On theway to the ridge we saw another wildlife. This time small ones. These are voles. I looked up online later and learned that there are 5 species of voles in Denali National Park! Most likely, these are northern red-backed voles. They were busy and put their head out from their home and went inside a lot. Cute! 

 

Ridge wenwent

After a lot of enjoyment, we came down to the meadow. The left picture is looking at the ridge we walked from the bottom. It was one of rare days that I was able to take out socks after hike and relaxed near the tent until sunset. Of course once sun set, it became very quickly cold. 

 

 

Polychrome glaciers

During dinner we were amazed by the view glacier getting warm orange light. It was incredible.
Although it was clear day we didn't see northern light at night. I think that there was not enough sun activities to generate aurora.

<Day3>

Polychrome

On the 3rd day we went to the polychrome glacier area. We walked toward glaciers and found a nice spot to camp for the 3rd and 4th days. Then we took a day pack to walk on the ridge toward glaciers. As the name Polychrome indicates, the hills were with many colors. Orange, blue, yellow, black, brown, grey, etc. Especially orange was vivid and the stream of orange was spectacular. I had no idea what caused these colors, but it is simply beautiful. 

Grizzly

Then! We saw a bear. It was far away, but it is clearly a grizzly. He was climbing the very steep gully. The area was little plants, and very few food source (I think). The bear was really fast going up on the almost 80 degree gully. One point near the top, it was so steep and even the bear needed to switch back a little. What is he doing in the food scarce area? Who knows. Maybe a juvenile bear without much experience? He quickly reached the top of gully and went over the ridge. Once we climbed to the ridge where I could see over the top, he was gone (we took an hour, he took 3 minutes).

polychrome glacier

It was even more massive when I saw polychrome glacier from closer distance. One thing it is unique in Denali National Park is there is rock glacier. As you can see in the left picture, the top portion is typical white glacier. The lower portion of glacier is covered by rock. So it looked like just brown rocks, but actually glacier. It shouldn't be walked on: dangerous you might fall. Anyhow it is quite an experience to see those significant nature products. After a while we reached a too sharp needle to pass through and it started raining we came back to our tent.

<Day4>

Glacier

At night the rain became snow and we had a fresh snow on the ridge walk on day4. In the left picture you can see rock glacier portion got a fresh snow. The left ridge in the picture was the one we walked on a previous day and on day4 we walked the other ridge. It was luckily clear sunny day and the view was gorgeous. 

Denali

Luckily we had another Denali view on that day. Probably my favorite view of Denali. 

 

Denali is very white and the edges are very sharp. It is so high and always it looks like connected to the sky. A lot of moments during this Alaska trip, I saw white clouds melt into sky and it like a continuous structure with Denali and sky. 

On this day Denali was clearly separated from sky and showing off its tremendous existence. What a mountain. 

 

 

 

 

Another view

In the afternoon, fresh snow was melted and large rock glacier became again brown (left picture). It snows in August and September in Denali, but it melts very quickly once sun comes off. 

After Alaska trip, I sometimes see Denali's weather on my App: now it never gets above 0C. Actually in November it is always around -20C! I wonder how it looks like now. 

 

 

 

 

 

<Day5>

 

Caribou

The final day of this 4th backpacking, and final day of Alaska trip! It is always hard to leave an awesome place. 

We traced back the river bank to our starting point. We saw a mother caribou and two babies! Very cute. 

Overall, all the 4 backpacking trips in Denali National Park were ultra mega very great. It is a lifetime memory.

Backpacking in Denali National Park, Alaska #3 Unit26 and Unit27

3rd backpacking! Our 3rd backpacking was 2 nights in Unit26 then 2 nights in Unit27. Because these units are next each other, we could combine the Unit26 and 27 permits and did 4 nights 5 day backpacking. 

<Day1>

vast!

We took off the Denali National park bus and started walking in the Unit26. Then immediately light rain started. We put on rain gears. Soon we heard thunder. Hummm. We wondered if it was safe to continue going up to the ridge. Since ridges are the most dangerous place to be under thunderstorm. We stopped and assessed the sky if more thunder would come. Although a lot of grey clouds were around, no more thunders were heard. So we decided to continue. Rain was not so bad: mostly drizzling. After nice climbing we reached the ridge. It was not raining on the ridge and the view was dynamic and cool.

A group of Dall sheep

Dall sheep

We wander around the ridge area, and saw white spots on the further up ridge. What are they? We walked towards those and found out they are Dall sheep! Dall sheep habitats only in Alaska and northern Canada. Males have bigger horns and females have smaller ones. I had never seen them. They are so cute!!! It was extremely exciting to see wildlife. They were eating tundra and kept moving slowly. They eat for a few seconds, move a few steps, then eat, and repeat. Observing them was really precious and even I forgot I was carrying a heavy backpack while I was standing. After we enjoyed them a while, we searched a camping spot and pitched a tent. It was hard to find a perfect spot, since everywhere was exposed. We saw raining on the other valley, so we knew eventually rain would come to us. 

rain in the distance

As you can see in the right picture, on the ridge I was under the sun at that moment, but in the distance it was raining. One of the valleys raining in the picture is Savage river we had backpacked until previous day. From the ridge it was amazing to see the dynamics of weather in Alaska. Raining is kind of regional: it is clear how nonsense to check weather forecast of Denali National Park. Even the next unit is quite different weather within the Denali National Park, and there are 87 units in the park!

1st and 2nd nights' home

Anyhow, we picked a place and made it home for 2 days. What a beautiful spot! All the magnificent mountains are visible from "home". Also it was interesting to see how weather changes in Denali. Clouds and sun moves a lot. The view changed literally every minutes. We ate Japanese curry dinner (Yum!) with gorgeous scenery. 

clouds rolling in

After dinner clouds were rolling from the other side of the ridge (right picture), and we were in the fog. Soon we went to bed, and rain came at night. 

<Day2>
Next morning I woke up by the sound of rain pouring the tent. Ah, okay it was the rainy day. We had a breakfast, then went back to a sleeping bag. When everything is wet, it is super cold in general, even if it is above freezing point. I slept long but surprisingly I was able to take a nap after breakfast. We slept in until 11 a.m. or so, and we had lunch. It was still wet, but the rain stopped although it was full of grey clouds. So we decided to walk on the ridge to the east side, because we planned to go to west the next day. 

2 dall sheep

We hiked up to the hill that you can see in the left picture. Can you see two Dall sheep in the picture? They were laying down. Very cute! On our previous backpacks we didn't even see one Dall sheep, but on this ridge we already saw 15 of them. Maybe there are good plants for them there. 

So cute!!!

The right picture was taken when we got closer to the Dall sheep. I took a picture with zoom. They are very calm and peaceful animal. His facial expression is warm. I admire them living in the harsh environment. 

nom nom nom

We hiked up to the hill and came back to the same point and saw the same 2 Dall sheep were eating. This left picture is one of my favorites from Denali trip. 

After a walk rain came back so we ate dinner and went to bed. During night rain continued and it became snow. 

<Day3>

caribou in the snow

I went out from tent in the morning and saw all white. AND cold! Really cold. Good thing was it became sunny! So we decided to take time and let wet tent and wet sleeping bag dry in the sun. As sun rose up, it became much warmer. Extra pleased for the sun after cold 2 days. During breakfast, 2 caribou showed up in the snow. They were eating breakfast, too. They are both males and once they sparred (not a serious fight, but practice of fight). Interesting!  Then one point both caribou ran to the left quickly. I was wondering what happened and kept observing. Then we saw a small fox running away from the caribou. Ha. Maybe caribou were surprised by the fox and ran quickly then made the fox run away. So much wildlife!

While we let the tent have sunlight, we hiked ups to the Margaret mountain which was behind our tent. Below picture was take from the mountain. It was sunny enough to see Denali. Fresh snow was really pretty. Because it was really sunny, the snow quickly melted. On the way to the mountain was much more snow when we hiked down. 

Nice view

When we came down from the mountain, the 2 caribou we saw were still around and now posed for me. As you can see the ground is no more snow compared to the morning caribou photo. 

So cool

Female group

Male group

After pleasant walk in the morning, we came back to our campsite. Now the tent was completely dry! Yay. Also, the tent got sun and had green house effect: inside was hot and sleeping bag was also entirely dry! We packed up and left for that day's destination, unit27. On the way we saw a group of Dall sheep. This time all females. All of them were laying down in the middle of hill. They were munching: probably the food was going to the 2nd stomach. The cute observation: one of them stood up and dig a little on the ground to make a more comfy smooth bed to lay down. What I like about their faces is that they are smiling (at least look like) and they look happy. That makes me very happy. 

Male group

3rd night camp spot

We enjoyed observing them and started walking again. Then within 20 minutes, we saw another group of Dall sheep. Now all males! We saw at least 11 of them in the group. The picture contains Alaska facts. 1. You might notice Dall sheep trail on the hill. There are occasional game trails in Denali. At lower elevation in the bush, usually moose made them. Here at higher elevation mostly Dall sheep made them. 2. Can you see small pond at the bottom of hill? There are occasional ponds. It is great for us campers to have them. Water was one of our concerns to camp on the ridge, but it was no problem. Then we found a nice spot for the 3rd night campsite and pitched a tent. It was a great spot with Denali view. Super!

<Day4>

At first our plan was to stay the same spot for another night, but the ridge was really windy and cold, we decided to hike down some and camp less windy spot. It turned out the day4's spot was great. It was on the top of hill and we could see the all the vast area below the hill. The lower area had bushes. It was a great area for moose. Indeed we spotted moose. I first saw a shining spot in the bush. At first I thought it might be a rock reflecting sunlight. Soon I noticed the shining spot was moving. It turned out bull's antler reflecting the sunlight. He was bedding. During our dinner preparation and middle of dinner he stayed there. Then he stood up and started eating leaves. About 20 minutes of eating around, he started walking toward to the right. Then we spotted another bull in the far right. It looked like the first bull(#1) going to the another bull (#2). #1 stopped 100 meters before the spot #2 was standing. #1 and #2 looked each other for 15 minutes. Then #1 moved 3 steps to the #2. Then they stared at each other for 10 minutes. Then #2 moved to the #1 for a couple of steps. Another 10 minutes of no moving at all. This procedure was repeated. Each 10 minutes they got close only a few steps. After more than 1 hour, finally they met and started fighting with antlers. WOW. In the mating season, this is what bulls are doing! We were more than 200 meters away, but we were able to hear big noise when antlers hit together. 

FIGHT

The battle itself was not so long: 7-8 minutes. Then #1 was chased away. The winning one stayed the same place and made sure the loser went away. #1 seemed frustrated. He was away from #2 about 100 meters. He slashed his antlers. Seems it was angry. Then I saw a fox was running away from the irritated moose. This was  ultra rare experience. This kind of long observation can be done with only backpacking not from a bus. This was really exciting incident!!!!! The next morning we still saw the 2 bull down there. Actually we had to go through their area to finish the backpack. Although people think grizzly bears are the most dangerous, in fact moose is the biggest size animal in Denali and more accidents/injuries occur by moose than anything else. The moose bulls are 1600 pounds. They could charge humans and no way to win. We kept the facts in mind, we were careful walking in the bush. 

Overall this 3rd backpacking was full of wildlife experience and I had so excitement.